Full denomination
EAPIL Working Group on Digital Tokens
Chair and contact
Francesca C. Villata (francesca.villata@unimi.it)
Type of group
Open Working Group
Current members
- Vésela Andreeva Andreeva
- Eloisa Maria Benedicta Bellucci
- Luca Castellani
- Stefano Dominelli
- Aygun Mammadzada
- Carlotta Maresca
- Burcu Yüksel Ripley
- Cayetana Santaolalla
- Francesca C. Villata (chair)
Mission statement
The Working Group offers a forum for exchanging ideas and reflecting on the aspects of private international law related to digital tokens.
HCCH Experts’ Group on the private international law issues raised by Digital Tokens
In March 2025, the Hague Conference on Private International Law established the Experts’ Group on the private international law issues raised by Digital Tokens (see more here).
The HCCH Experts’ Group held its first meeting from 16 to 18 June 2025 and its second meeting from 18 to 20 November 2025. During the second meeting, pursuant to its mandate, the Experts’ Group agreed to begin drafting provisions for a private international law (PIL) framework on electronic transferable records (ETRs), in parallel with the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records (MLETR). Furthermore, it discussed stablecoins and Bitcoin as use cases in the study of PIL issues raised by digital tokens, focusing in particular on issues relating to jurisdiction and applicable law.
In March 2026, the HCCH Experts’ Group presented a report on the progress of its work to the Council on General Affairs and Policy (CGAP) of the HCCH. The continuation of the work has been approved by the CGAP.
The Working Group represent EAPIL in the Experts’ Group, following its work closely and reacting to it.
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